雅思阅读 | 实验研究类文章的基本脉络

1. Identify a research problem 辨别研究的问题

2. Find background information/review the literature 查找相关背景信息

3. Determine research question/purpose 确定研究课题

4. Collect data 收集实验数据

5. Analyse and interpret data 分析、解读数据

6. Report and evaluate research 评价研究

总的来说，这是一个循环的过程，实验结束后，会对研究进行评价，指出目前实验的限制和给出未来研究的方向。

To biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity to untangle the influence of genes and the environment - of nature and nurture…

The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach (and coined the phrase 'nature and nurture’).

Bouchard and his colleagues used this mountain of data to identify how far twins were affected by their genetic makeup.

According to a recent field called epigenetics, there is a third factor also in play…

Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up.

Twin studies have allowed us to be more reflective about what people are actually born with and what’s caused by experience.

Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our understanding even further.

An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific objectivity to the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many masterpieces.

Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from Mondrian's geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollock's seemingly haphazard arrangements of splashed paint on canvas? （背景）Sceptics believe that people claim to like such works simply because they are famous. We certainly do have an inclination to follow the crowd. （大众观点）When asked to make simple perceptual decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image （实验过程）, for example, people often choose a definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same（实验结果）. It is easy to imagine that this mentality would have even more impact on a fuzzy concept like art appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer（实验分析）.

5-1-2：Nature or nurture?

8-1-3：Telepathy

12-7-3：Music and emotions

14-4-1：The secret of staying young

15-2-3：Having a laugh

investigate = study = research

data = figure = number = information = results

analyse = interpret